В страдательном залоге (Passive Voice) действие направлено на объект, который становится подлежащим предложения. Объект, который совершает действие, может быть упомянут в предложении с предлогом "by", но часто это опускается, если это неважно или очевидно из контекста.
Вот как ваши предложения будут выглядеть в страдательном залоге:
Active: My mother washes our clothes on Saturdays.
Passive: Our clothes are washed by my mother on Saturdays.
Active: The pupil on duty will clean the blackboard during the break.
Passive: The blackboard will be cleaned by the pupil on duty during the break.
Active: Vasnetsov painted nice pictures.
Passive: Nice pictures were painted by Vasnetsov.
Active: Mr Bell listens to the radio in the evenings.
Passive: The radio is listened to by Mr Bell in the evenings.
Active: We take tests in English regularly.
Passive: Tests in English are taken by us regularly.
Active: I will visit my relatives next week.
Passive: My relatives will be visited by me next week.
Active: Helen collected her classmates’ photos for her new album.
Passive: Her classmates’ photos were collected by Helen for her new album.
Active: They built the theater in 1970.
Passive: The theater was built by them in 1970.
Active: The mechanic will fix the car tomorrow.
Passive: The car will be fixed by the mechanic tomorrow.
Active: I gave a nice present to my friend on his birthday.
Passive: A nice present was given by me to my friend on his birthday.
Обратите внимание на изменения в форме глаголов и порядок слов в предложении. В страдательном залоге объект действия становится подлежащим, а сам глагол принимает форму, соответствующую времени и числу подлежащего.