Sure, I can help with that. Here's a detailed explanation of where "the" should be used in the sentences provided, based on English grammar rules:
Shall we have lunch at home or go to the Royal Oak?
- "Lunch" and "home" are not preceded by "the" as they refer to general concepts. "The Royal Oak" is a specific place.
Prince Philip visited the Royal Albert Hall yesterday.
- "Prince Philip" is a proper noun and doesn't require "the." "The Royal Albert Hall" is a specific place.
Peter’s Bar is situated in Terminal 1 at Heathrow Airport.
- "Peter’s Bar" and "Terminal 1" are specific names and don't need "the." "Heathrow Airport" is also a specific place.
The Browns were the first to leave the party at midnight.
- "The Browns" refers to a specific family. "The first" is a superlative. "The party" refers to a specific event.
We landed at Charles de Gaulle airport in Paris and were met by the ambassador in person.
- "Charles de Gaulle Airport" and "Paris" are specific places that don't require "the." "The ambassador" is specific.
Tim’s gone to the hospital to pick up the results of the tests Mum had last week.
- "The hospital" refers to a specific hospital. "The results" and "the tests" are specific.
Most world maps are out of date now, due to the political events which have taken place recently.
- "Most" is a general term, while "the political events" refers to specific events.
The Chicago Bulls, from the USA, are one of the best-known basketball teams.
- "The Chicago Bulls" is a specific team. "The USA" is a specific country. "One of the best-known" is a superlative.
When the Berlin Wall was pulled down it was a great moment in history.
- "The Berlin Wall" is specific. "A great moment" is general. "History" is used in a general sense here.
Lots of people go for exotic holidays in Asia, but you must take care not to catch malaria.
- "Exotic holidays" and "malaria" are general terms. "Asia" is a proper noun.
We decided to go to the island of Sicily last summer and we’ve decided to go to an island again this year; either to Rhodes or the Canaries.
- "The island of Sicily" is specific. "Rhodes" is a specific island and doesn't require "the," while "the Canaries" refers to a group of islands.
In Jerusalem we visited the Dome of the Rock and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and saw the site of Solomon’s Temple.
- "Jerusalem" and "Solomon’s Temple" are specific names. "The Dome of the Rock" and "the Church of the Holy Sepulchre" are specific places.
Lots of people are without jobs in the city, so the government has decided to give the unemployed special benefits.
- "The city" refers to a specific city already mentioned or understood. "The government" and "the unemployed" are specific groups.
Tarzan, the Lord of the Jungle, had a friend called Cheetah.
- "The Lord of the Jungle" is a specific title. "Cheetah" is a proper name.
Many people go climbing in the Alps or the Himalayas.
- Mountain ranges like "the Alps" and "the Himalayas" require "the."
The English spend their holiday in hot countries because they enjoy going to the beach.
- "The English" refers to the people of England. "The beach" is a specific type of location.
The royal yacht sailed across the Indian Ocean.
- "The royal yacht" refers to a specific yacht. "The Indian Ocean" is a specific ocean.
You’ll find my house if you walk along Green Street and turn right into the High Street.
- "Green Street" is a proper noun, while "the High Street" is specific to a town or city's main street.
Many of England’s young men died in the First World War.
- "England’s" is possessive and doesn’t need "the." "The First World War" is a specific event.
Vatican City is one of the most beautiful places in Rome.
- "Vatican City" and "Rome" are proper nouns. "The most beautiful" is a superlative.
The people from Brazil dance the samba really well.
- "The people" specifies a group. "Brazil" is a proper noun. "The samba" refers to a specific dance style.
We went to the pub rather than the cinema because Father wanted to.
- "The pub" and "the cinema" refer to specific places. "Father" is a specific person.
I hope this helps clarify the usage of "the" in these sentences!