Помогите ответить на вопросы. Text 1 «THE FUTURE OF THE ENGINEERING PROFESSION» Among various recent...

1. The most widespread trend in the engineering profession is computerization.
2. Computers are increasingly used in modern engineering for solving complex problems, handling, storing, and generating data.
3. Modern engineering utilizes scientific methods and systems engineering principles.
4. Ergonomics, also known as human factors engineering, is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body and its cognitive abilities.
5. Human-factors engineering deals with establishing criteria for efficient, human-centered design, particularly in areas like control panels for monitoring and governing operations in complex systems like nuclear reactors.

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General understanding:

1. What is the most widespread trend in the engineering profession?

   The most widespread trend in the engineering profession is computerization. This trend is evident in modern engineering offices where computers are extensively utilized. The use of computers in engineering is not only for solving complex problems but also for handling, storing, and generating the vast amount of data that modern engineers need to work with. This shift towards computerization highlights the growing importance of digital tools and technology in the field of engineering.

2. What are computers used for in modern engineering?

   In modern engineering, computers are employed for a variety of purposes. They are used to solve complex problems that would be difficult or time-consuming to resolve manually. Additionally, computers handle large volumes of data, storing it efficiently and generating necessary information for engineers to use in their work. Essentially, computers aid in the processing, analysis, and management of data, making engineering tasks more efficient and accurate.

3. What approaches are used in modern engineering?

   Modern engineering employs a number of scientific methods and approaches. One key approach is the application of systems engineering principles, which involves an interdisciplinary method to designing and managing complex systems over their life cycles. Systems engineering ensures that all aspects of a project or system are considered and integrated into a whole. Another approach mentioned is time-study engineering, which focuses on optimizing the efficiency of machines and human operators by studying their interactions and making small adjustments that can lead to significant improvements in productivity.

4. What is «ergonomics»?

   Ergonomics, also known as human-factors engineering, is a field of study that focuses on designing equipment and systems that are efficient and comfortable for human use. It gained significant attention in the late 1970s and 1980s, particularly in the context of ensuring the safety and efficiency of nuclear reactors. Ergonomics aims to create criteria for the human-centered design of complex control systems, among other things, to prevent operator errors and enhance overall system performance.

5. What does human-factors engineering deal with?

   Human-factors engineering deals with the design and evaluation of systems that involve human interaction to ensure they are user-friendly, safe, and efficient. Specifically, it seeks to establish criteria for the design of control systems and interfaces that take into account human capabilities and limitations. This field became particularly prominent when the safety of nuclear reactors was scrutinized due to accidents caused by operator errors, design flaws, and malfunctioning equipment. Human-factors engineering aims to minimize such risks by optimizing the interaction between humans and machines, ensuring that systems are designed with the end-user in mind.

Through these questions and answers, we can see how the engineering profession is evolving with the integration of computer technology and a greater focus on human-centered design principles.

1. The most widespread trend in the engineering profession is computerization.
2. Computers are used for solving complex problems, handling, storing, and generating data.
3. Modern engineering uses systems engineering principles.
4. Ergonomics is also known as human-factors engineering.
5. Human-factors engineering deals with the efficient, human-centred design of control panels and other equipment.