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Britain, which is formally known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is the political unity of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It is located to the northwest of mainland Europe. Its total area is about 243,610 square kilometers. The coasts of the UK are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, and the Irish Sea. The scenery is diverse, featuring rolling hills, mountains, and flat plains. The capital of the UK is London. The official language is English. The national symbols of the UK are the Union Jack (flag), the Royal Coat of Arms, and the national anthem "God Save the Queen". Its form of government is a constitutional monarchy. Officially, the supreme legislative authority is the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and the two Houses of Parliament are the House of Commons and the House of Lords. But the Queen, currently Queen Elizabeth II, serves primarily as a ceremonial figure without substantial political power. There are three major political parties: the Conservative Party, the Labour Party, and the Liberal Democrats. The largest cities are London, Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, and Liverpool. The chief river is the Thames. Britain's major industries include finance, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, automotive, and technology.