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Marie Curie and the Discovery of Radium

Marie Curie, born Maria Sklodowska, emerged as one of the most significant scientists of her time, making groundbreaking contributions to the field of radioactivity. Her journey began in Warsaw, where she was born on November 7, 1867. Raised in an intellectually stimulating environment by her father, a science and mathematics teacher, young Marie developed a deep interest in scientific pursuits early on. Her ambition to study at the Sorbonne in Paris became a reality in 1891 after years of anticipation.

In Paris, Marie's life was a blend of rigorous study and frugal living. Determined to earn two Master's degrees—one in Physics and the other in Mathematics—she faced the immense challenge of working twice as hard as the average student. Financial constraints forced her to reside in the poorest quarters of Paris, and she often survived on minimal sustenance, such as a bag of cherries. Despite frequent bouts of illness and weakness, her unwavering commitment to her studies sustained her through four grueling years. Marie's tenacity ensured that nothing could deter her from her chosen path.

During her time in Paris, Marie met Pierre Curie, a renowned scientist born in 1859. Pierre, who had developed a fascination with science from a young age, held a Bachelor of Science degree by sixteen and a Master's degree in Physics by eighteen. When Maria Sklodowska encountered Pierre Curie, he was thirty-five years old and already celebrated across Europe for his discoveries in magnetism. Despite his significant contributions, the French government offered him only a modest salary, and the University of Paris denied him a dedicated laboratory for his research.

Marie and Pierre, united by their mutual passion for science, quickly became close friends and collaborators. They consistently engaged in scientific discussions and shared research problems. Their partnership soon blossomed into love, and in 1895, Marie became Madame Curie. Their marriage was not only a deeply fulfilling personal relationship but also one of the most remarkable scientific collaborations in history. Despite her demanding career, Marie was a devoted mother to their two daughters, Irene and Eve.

By this time, Madame Curie had earned her Master's degrees in Physics and Mathematics and was deeply involved in research. She aspired to obtain a Doctorate, which required presenting a special study known as a thesis. Her interest was piqued by the work of French scientist Henri Becquerel, who had discovered that the rare metal uranium emitted rays similar to X-rays, which could affect photographic plates even when wrapped in black paper. These uranium rays intrigued both Marie and Pierre Curie. They were driven by numerous questions: What caused these rays? How strong were they? These unresolved queries motivated Marie to choose this topic for her Doctoral thesis, marking the beginning of her pioneering research that would eventually lead to the discovery of radium.

Maria Curie was born in Warsaw on November 7, 1867. Her father was a science and mathematics teacher at a school in the city, and it was from him that young Maria Sklodowska - her Polish name - drew her first lessons in science. Maria's desire was to study at the Sorbonne in Paris, and after many years of waiting, she finally left her homeland in 1891.

In Paris, Maria began a course of intense study and simple living. She decided to work towards two Master's Degrees - one in Physics, the other in Mathematics. This meant she had to work twice as hard as a regular student. Yet she had barely enough money to live on. She lived in the poorest quarter of Paris. Night after night, after her hard day's work at the university, she would return to her poorly furnished room and work in her books diligently for many hours, sometimes with nothing more than a bag of cherries. Although she was often weak and sick, she worked this way for four years. She chose her course, and nothing could turn her from it.

Among the many scientists Maria met and worked with in Paris was Pierre Curie. Pierre Curie, born in 1859 in Paris, was the son of a doctor, and from an early age he was fascinated by science.

At sixteen he was a Bachelor of Science, and he took his Master's Degree in Physics when he was eighteen: when Maria Sklodowska met him he was thirty-five years old and was known throughout Europe for his discoveries in magnetism. But despite the honor he brought to France with his discoveries, the French government could only offer him a very small salary as a reward, and the University of Paris refused to give him his own laboratory for his research.

Pierre Curie and Maria Sklodowska, both of whom loved science more than anything else, very soon became the closest of friends. They constantly collaborated and discussed many problems of their research. After a little more than a year, they fell in love with each other, and in 1895 Maria Sklodowska became Mrs. Curie. Theirs was not only to be a very happy marriage, but also one of the greatest scientific partnerships.

Maria was the greatest woman scientist of her day, but she was also a loving mother. They had two little girls, Irene and Eve.

By this time, Mrs. Curie had obtained her Master's Degree in Physics and Mathematics, and was engaged in research in the field. She now wanted to obtain a Doctorate. For this, it was necessary to present the examiners with a special research paper, called a thesis.

For some time, Pierre Curie had been interested in the work of a French scientist named Becquerel. There is a rare metal called uranium, which, as discovered by Becquerel, emits rays very similar to X-rays. These rays made a big impression on a photographic plate when it was wrapped in black paper. Curie was interested in these uranium rays. What caused them? How strong were they? There were many such questions that puzzled Marie Curie and her husband. Here, they decided, was a very suitable topic for Mrs. Curie's Doctoral thesis.