Упр. 294. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи. 1. "My friend lives in...

Передача повествовательных предложений в косвенной речи (индиректная речь) требует некоторых изменений как во времени глаголов, так и в структуре предложения. В английском языке есть несколько правил, которые необходимо учитывать:

1. Правило согласования времен: В косвенной речи время глагола в придаточном предложении обычно смещается на одно время назад по сравнению с прямой речью.
2. Изменение местоимений: Местоимения и притяжательные прилагательные также изменяются в зависимости от того, кто говорит и кому адресовано высказывание.
3. Изменение наречий времени и места: Например, "today" меняется на "that day", "now" на "then", и т.д.

Давайте рассмотрим каждое предложение по отдельности:

1. "My friend lives in Moscow," said Alec.

   • Alec said that his friend lived in Moscow.
   • Время изменяется с Present Simple на Past Simple (lives → lived).

2. "You have not done your work well," said the teacher to me.

   • The teacher told me that I had not done my work well.
   • Present Perfect меняется на Past Perfect (have not done → had not done).

3. The poor man said to the rich man: "My horse is wild. It can kill your horse."

   • The poor man told the rich man that his horse was wild and that it could kill his horse.
   • Present Simple меняется на Past Simple (is → was, can → could).

4. The rich man said to the judge: "This man's horse has killed my horse."

   • The rich man told the judge that the man's horse had killed his horse.
   • Present Perfect меняется на Past Perfect (has killed → had killed).

5. "This man spoke to me on the road," said the woman.

   • The woman said that the man had spoken to her on the road.
   • Past Simple меняется на Past Perfect (spoke → had spoken).

6. "I can't explain this rule to you," said my classmate to me.

   • My classmate told me that he couldn't explain that rule to me.
   • Present Simple меняется на Past Simple (can't → couldn't).

7. The teacher said to the class: "We shall discuss this subject tomorrow."

   • The teacher told the class that they would discuss that subject the next day.
   • Future Simple меняется на Future in the Past (shall → would), "tomorrow" → "the next day".

8. The woman said to her son: "I am glad I am here."

   • The woman told her son that she was glad she was there.
   • Present Simple меняется на Past Simple (am → was), "here" → "there".

9. Mike said: "We have bought these books today."

   • Mike said that they had bought those books that day.
   • Present Perfect меняется на Past Perfect (have bought → had bought), "today" → "that day".

10. She said to me: "Now I can read your translation."

    • She told me that she could read my translation then.
    • Present Simple меняется на Past Simple (can → could), "now" → "then".

11. Our teacher said: "Thackeray's novels are very interesting."

    • Our teacher said that Thackeray's novels were very interesting.
    • Present Simple меняется на Past Simple (are → were).

12. She said: "You will read this book in the 9th form."

    • She said that I would read that book in the 9th form.
    • Future Simple меняется на Future in the Past (will → would), "this" → "that".

13. Nellie said: "I read 'Jane Eyre' last year."

    • Nellie said that she had read 'Jane Eyre' the previous year.
    • Past Simple меняется на Past Perfect (read → had read), "last year" → "the previous year".

Основные моменты:

• Глаголы в придаточном предложении смещаются на одно время назад.
• Местоимения и притяжательные прилагательные изменяются в зависимости от контекста.
• Наречия времени и места также изменяются согласно правилам.

1. Alec said that his friend lives in Moscow.
2. The teacher told me that I had not done my work well.
3. The poor man told the rich man that his horse was wild and could kill his horse.
4. The rich man told the judge that the man's horse had killed his horse.
5. The woman said that a man had spoken to her on the road.
6. My classmate said that he couldn't explain the rule to me.
7. The teacher said to the class that they would discuss the subject the next day.
8. The woman told her son that she was glad to be there.
9. Mike said that they had bought those books that day.
10. She told me that she could read my translation now.
11. Our teacher said that Thackeray's novels are very interesting.
12. She said that I would read that book in the 9th form.
13. Nellie said that she had read 'Jane Eyre' the year before.

Все предложения переданы в косвенной речи, где глаголы в прошедшем времени отражают действия, упомянутые в оригинальных предложениях.